A numerical investigation of the effect of sinusoidal temperature on mixed convection flow in a cavity filled with a nanofluid with moving vertical walls

The aim of this study is to investigate numerically the effect of sinusoidal temperature on mixed convection flow in a cavity filled with nanofluid and moving vertical walls by using a new temperature function, where thermal heating takes the form of the sinusoidal temperature; and could be found in various natural processes and industries such as solar energy, and cooling of electronic components. The heating is concentrated in the center and then distributed to both ends at different values of Rayleigh numbers, Reynolds numbers, and volumetric fractions of nano-particles ranging from 1.47 x 10(3) to 1.47 x 10(6), 1 to 100, and 0 to 0.1, respectively. The impact of nanoparticle size on thermal characteristics and hydrodynamics was considered and evaluated. From the results, the volume fraction concentration of nanoparticles affects the flow shape and thermal performance in the case of a constant Reynolds number. Moreover, the effect of nanoparticles decreases with the increase of the Reynolds number. Besides this, with increasing the volume percentage of nanoparticles, the rate of heat transmission increases. It is worth noting that the presence of nanoparticles results in height convective heat transfer coefficient. On the other hand, the thickness of thermal boundary layers decreases with increasing Rayleigh number. The current investigation found that the (sinusoidal) temperature change significantly affects heat transfer.