Coffee consumption and abdominal aortic calcification among adults with and without hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases

Background and aims: This study was performed to investigate the effect of coffee consumption on abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) among adults with and without hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).Methods and results: A total of 2548 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 were included. Coffee consumption was obtained from 24h dietary recalls. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the severity of AAC. In the fully adjusted model, compared with non-drinkers, high coffee consumption (>= 390 g/d) was associated with higher AAC scores among participants with hypertension (beta = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.21-1.22), diabetes (beta = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.35-2.05), and CVD (beta = 2.03, 95% CI: 0.71-3.36). We did not observe such an association among participants without hypertension, diabetes, and CVD. Furthermore, decaffeinated coffee was not associated with AAC.Conclusion: In conclusion, patients with hypertension, diabetes, and CVD should focus on coffee consumption, especially caffeinated coffee, to reduce the burden of AAC.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).