Expression profiling of laccase and β-glucan synthase genes in Pleurotus ostreatus during different developmental stages

Background Pleurotus ostreatus, commonly known as the oyster mushroom, is a saprophytic fungus with many applications in biotechnology and medicine. This mushroom is a rich source of proteins, polysaccharides, and bioactive compounds that have been shown to possess anticancer, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we investigated the expression profile of laccase (POXA3) and beta-glucan synthase (FKS) genes during different developmental stages in two strains of P. ostreatus. Methods and results Cultural and morphological studies of the two strains were studied. DMR P115 strain recorded faster mycelial growth compared to the HUC strain. However, both strains produced white, thick fluffy mycelial growth with radiating margin. Morphological characteristics of the mushroom fruiting body were also higher in the DMR P115 strain. The expression of these genes was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and the results were compared to those of the reference gene beta-actin. The expression of laccase (POXA3) was higher in the mycelial stage of DMR P115 and HUC strains indicating its role in the fruiting body development and substrate degradation. The expression of beta-glucan synthase (FKS) was upregulated in the mycelium and mature fruiting body of the DMR P115 strain. In contrast, there was only significant upregulation in the mycelial stage of the HUC strain, which indicates its role in cell wall formation and the immunostimulatory properties of that strain. Conclusion The results deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanism of the fruiting body development in P. ostreatus and can be used as a foundation for future lines of research related to strain improvement of P. ostreatus.