Integrated simulation and monitoring to analyze failure mechanism of the anti-dip layered slope with soft and hard rock interbedding

The significant difference between the mechanical properties of soft rock and hard rock results in the complexity of the failure mode of the anti-dip layered slope with soft and hard rock interbedding. In order to reveal the landslide mechanism, taking the north slope of Fushun West Open-pit Mine as an example, this paper analyzed the failure mechanism of different landslides with monitoring and field surveys, and simulated the evolution of landslides. The study indicated that when the green mudstone (hard rock) of the anti-dip slope contains siltized intercalations (soft rock), the existence of weak layers not only aggravates the toppling deformation of anti-dip layered slope with high dip, but also causes the shear failure of anti-dip layered slope with stable low dip. The shear failure including subsidence induced sliding and wedge failure mainly exists in the unloading zone of the slope. Its failure depth and failure time were far less than that of toppling failure. In terms of the development characteristics of deformation, toppling deformation has the long-term and progressive characteristics, but shear failure deformation has the abrupt and transient characteristics. This study has deepened the understanding of such slope landslide mechanism, and can provide reference for similar engineering. (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of China University of Mining & Technology. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).