Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis: Risk factors associated to death in a hospital in Northeastern Brazil

Introduction: Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic systemic mycosis caused by pathogenic encapsulated yeasts of the genus Cryptococcus. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with death of patients diagnosed with meningitis due to Cryptococcus spp.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients admitted to the Sao Jose Hospital (SJH) with Cryp-tococcal Meningoencephalitis (CM) who were diagnosed between 2010 and 2018. Data collection was car-ried out by reviewing the patients' medical records. Death during hospitalization was considered the primary outcome.Results: From 2010 to 2018, 21,519 patients were admitted to the HSJ, 124 of whom were hospitalized due to CM. The CM incidence rate was 5.8 cases/103 hospitalizations. We included 112 patients in the study. Male patients were the most affected (82.1%), and the median age was 37 years [IQR: 29-45]. HIV coinfection occurred in 79.4% of the patients. Fever (65.2%) and headache (88.4%) were the most frequent symptoms. Greater cellularity in the CSF was the most related factor to CM in non-HIV individuals (p < 0.05). Death dur -ing hospitalization occurred in 28.6% (n = 32) of the patients. The independent risk factors associated with death during the hospitalization were women (p = 0.009), age > 35 years (p = 0.046), focal neurological defi-cits (p = 0.013), altered mental status (p = 0.018) and HIV infection (p = 0.040). The twelve-month survival was lower in HIV-positive patients (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Early diagnosis, optimal treatment, and clinical follow-up strategies, especially in HIV patients, should be prioritized. (c) 2023SFMM. PublishedbyElsevierMassonSAS. Allrightsreserved.