In-situ drain treatment types and technologies for flowing wastewater: A comprehensive review

The flowing wastewater in the drains joins water-bodies in untreated conditions causing a serious risk of pollution and diseases due to organic enrichment and nutrient. An in-situ drain treatment is doable and practical solution for sewage flowing through drains without displacing or disturbing the drain structure and the utili-zation of physical and biological processes in an aerobic environment. In-situ remediation techniques are easier to construct, operate, and administer than conventional sewage treatment plants because they don't require additional space and energy. A comprehensive review of in-situ drain treatment is carried out in this paper, with a particular focus on bioremediation and phytoremediation techniques as an effective solutions to treat the sewage/wastewater in the drain, itself. Review paper also suggests the further research and resource recovery from the in-situ drain treatment support economic development along the drains. As most cities are growing fast with sewage generation and insufficient treatment facilities, in-situ drain treatment is an immediate and sus-tainable solution to control pollution from drain to water bodies.