What is consciousness? Artificial intelligence, real intelligence, quantum mind and qualia

被引:12
作者
Kauffman, Stuart A. [1 ]
Roli, Andrea [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Inst Syst Biol, 401 Terry Ave North, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
[2] Univ Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Campus Cesena,Via Univ 50, I-47522 Cesena, Italy
[3] European Ctr Living Technol, Dorsoduro 3911, I-30123 Venice, Italy
关键词
actuals; affordances; artificial general intelligence; classical physics; potentia; quantum measurement; quantum mechanics; trans; Turing systems; universal Turing machines; CRITICALITY; COGNITION;
D O I
10.1093/biolinnean/blac092
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
We approach the question 'What is consciousness?' in a new way, not as Descartes' 'systematic doubt', but as how organisms find their way in their world. Finding one's way involves finding possible uses of features of the world that might be beneficial or avoiding those that might be harmful. 'Possible uses of X to accomplish Y' are 'affordances'. The number of uses of X is indefinite (or unknown), the different uses are unordered, are not listable, and are not deducible from one another. All biological adaptations are either affordances seized by heritable variation and selection or, far faster, by the organism acting in its world finding uses of X to accomplish Y. Based on this, we reach rather astonishing conclusions: 1. Artificial general intelligence based on universal Turing machines (UTMs) is not possible, since UTMs cannot 'find' novel affordances. 2. Brain-mind is not purely classical physics for no classical physics system can be an analogue computer whose dynamical behaviour can be isomorphic to 'possible uses'. 3. Brain-mind must be partly quantum-supported by increasing evidence at 6.0 to 7.3 sigma. 4. Based on Heisenberg's interpretation of the quantum state as 'potentia' converted to 'actuals' by measurement, where this interpretation is not a substance dualism, a natural hypothesis is that mind actualizes potentia. This is supported at 5.2 sigma. Then mind's actualizations of entangled brain-mind-world states are experienced as qualia and allow 'seeing' or 'perceiving' of uses of X to accomplish Y. We can and do jury-rig. Computers cannot. 5. Beyond familiar quantum computers, we discuss the potentialities of trans-Turing systems.
引用
收藏
页码:530 / 538
页数:9
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