Nanostructured Carbon-Based Composites for Microwave Absorption: A Review

The nanostructuring process has energized the development of novel carbon-based wave-absorbing materials (CWAMs). Distinguished from traditional mixing of multiple materials, the nanostructuring process of CWAMs emphasizes the rational design, controllable fabrication, and fine modification of microstructural units. Currently, CWAMs have been successfully customized into various complex nanostructures to obtain excellent microwave absorption (MA) properties. To this end, this review delineates the various dimensions and morphologies of CWAMs (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D) and discusses the recent advances in carbon-based nanocomposite structures for MA with respect to synthesis methods, component classes, and filler concentrations, etc. The regulatory mechanisms of various nanostructured CWAMs acting on MA are re-examined and compared. Then, the critical role of fine structure modification is emphasized to provide inspiring ideas for the nanostructuring process of CWAMs. Finally, we present the current challenges, specific recommendations, and prospects for fabricating the nanostructured CWAMs.