Construction of Highly Stable Lithium Metal Anode Based on Three Dimensional Lipophilic Materials

With its ultra-high theoretical specific capacity density(3680 mA.h.g(-1)) and low reduction potential (-3.04 V vs. SHE), lithium metal is considered the "holy grail"of anode for high energy density batteries. However, due to the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites and high reactivity to electrolytes,a series of problems,such as low coulomb efficiency,short cycle life and internal short circuit,seriously restrict the practical progress of lithium metal anode. In the practical electrochemical system,the surface properties of the current collector that is employed as the substrate for lithium metal deposition/stripping play an important role in the cyclic stability of the lithium anode. In this review,the modification strategies for constructing three-dimensional (3D) lithiophilic skeleton materials were systematically summarized from the aspects of surface composition and microstructure design for lithium anode and current collector. Utilizing high lithiophilic materials such as metal, metal oxide, doping heteroatoms, polymer materials,and metal-organic frame materials to tune and modify the interface and structure of the collector and anode, can effectively regulate the electrodeposition of lithium metal and promote the practical process of lithium metal anode in high energy density battery system.