Dynamic Optimization and Control of a Renewable Microgrid Incorporating Ammonia

A renewable microgrid using green ammonia and hydrogen for energy storage is proposed in the work. Wind and solar energy are captured as power inputs for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen which can be further transformed to ammonia through the Haber-Bosch process. Gensets are dispatched to generate power from hydrogen or ammonia for meeting residential demands. Local control structures are designed for each module in the framework, which takes hourly commands from an upper level dynamic real-time optimization (D-RTO) layer. Case studies in Duluth, MN are conducted for summer and winter in a 24-hour time horizon, demonstrating the stability of system under disturbances in renewable sources. Results confirm that ammonia is more preferred for long-term energy storage.