The association between menopause, postmenopausal hormone therapy, and kidney stone disease in Taiwanese women

Purpose: The association between menopause, postmenopausal hormone therapy, and kidney stone dis-ease has long been a topic of discussion and is still unclear. Moreover, most previous research has focused on Caucasians. Therefore, we aimed to explore this issue in an Asian population.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled female participants aged between 30 and 70 years from the Taiwan Biobank. The presence of kidney stone disease (KSD) was defined through a self-reported questionnaire. The participants were divided into two groups according to the presence of menopause; premenopausal and postmenopausal groups. The associations among menopause, postmenopausal hor-mone therapy, and KSD were examined using binary logistic regression models.Results: A total of 17,460 women with available information were recruited, including 5976 in the pre-menopausal group and 11,484 in the postmenopausal group. Compared to the premenopausal group, the postmenopausal group had a significantly higher prevalence of KSD (3% vs. 6%). The odds ratio for KSD was higher in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal group (odds ratio = 1.50; 95% con-fidence interval = 1.17-1.92) after adjusting for confounders. We also examined associations between the type of menopause (natural and surgical) and KSD, and found that both types of menopause were associ-ated with KSD in age-adjusted and multivariable models. Compared with those who had never received postmenopausal hormone therapy, those who had received postmenopausal hormone therapy were not associated with a higher risk of KSD.Conclusions: Our study suggests that natural and surgical menopause were associated with KSD. However, we found no association between the postmenopausal hormone therapy and KSD in the postmenopausal women.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.