Review and Perspectives of Monolithic Metal-Organic Frameworks: Toward Industrial Applications

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attractedconsiderableattention owing to their large surface area and high structural tunability,which lead to a wide range of applications. Owing to excellent propertiesof MOFs in various applications, the synthesis process of MOFs hasbeen gradually developed with high yields and stable shapes to fulfillindustrial requirements. However, the industrial usage of traditionalpowder-formed MOFs is limited because powder may lead to safety issuesand disperse easily. Therefore, MOFs with different shapes and standardproperties are required for applications. This review has summarizedcurrently reported methods for shaping MOFs, e.g., binder-based, high-pressure,surfactant-assisted, supercritical CO2 (scCO(2)), and sol-gel processes. The industrial applications basedon shaped MOFs are summarized to support future studies on the formationof MOFs with stable shapes.