Advancements in smart farming: A comprehensive review of IoT, wireless communication, sensors, and hardware for agricultural automation

Agriculture automation is a primary issue and a rapidly developing field for the nation. The global population is growing swiftly, so there is a severe need to fulfill food demand. Traditional farming methods are insufficient to meet the rising demand, so they pressure using fertilizers to increase crop productivity. That fall impacts agricultural activity; sometimes, land stays barren and lacks fertility. This paper is focused on the deep analysis of smart farming-related components such as the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless communication technology, sensors, and hardware. There is serious concern about selecting technology, sensors, and hardware in the different agriculture practices. This may result in an increase in mechanization among various agricultural practices in an easy way. This paper provides a systematic extensive review of the implication of automation in agriculture. And addressed how agricultural operations may benefit from modern sensors, wireless communication technologies, and hardware. Although, major challenges and components have been discussed. Moreover, future applications for crop health, human health, and machine health are also addressed in this study.