A dagging-based deep learning framework for transmission line flexibility assessment

Uncertainty in renewable energy generation, energy consumption, and electricity prices, as well as transmission congestion, pose a number of problems in modern power grids, necessitating stability on the supply, grid, and demand sides. Grid-side stability can be achieved by dynamic line rating (DLR) forecasting, which reliably predicts the overall current carrying potential of overhead transmission lines. Long short-term memory proved beneficiary in this field, owing to its ability to learn highly variable and uncertain data. To empower this network to tackle the non-stationary nature of meteorological parameters, a novel machine learning (ML) architecture based on Dagging technique is proposed and tested on the data collected from a 400 kV overhead transmission line. Simulation results corroborate that the proposed Dagging-based stacked LSTM can successfully handle the non-stationary issue and outperform the decomposition-based technique, as the state-of-the-art algorithm, for various forecasting horizons. The results confirm the generalizability of models with an application in forecasting DLR over the line without utilizing additional sensors and communication networks. Moreover, the proposed model is compared to several ML architectures, including support vector machines (SVM), random forest (RF), and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) in a comprehensive benchmark study. The introduced algorithm outperforms MLP by 3.4%, RF by 9.4%, and SVM by 6.7% in terms of average prediction accuracy.