Review: Numerical simulation approaches of crystalline-Si photovoltaics

This study reviews the current methods of numerical simulations for crystalline-Si (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) cells. The increased demand for PV devices has led to significant improvements in the performance of solar cell devices. The main contribution comes from c-Si solar cells, which constitute 90% of the industry. Numerical analysis is effective for predicting, developing, and optimizing cell performances as the cell structures become more complex and include several parameters. However, conventional methods cannot simulate improved device structures with complex configurations. Additional physics is necessary to evaluate these cell structures. This study introduces methods for evaluating these cell structures using physical modeling and highlights the latest examples of simulations of c-Si solar cells.