Extraction and characterization of novel biomass-based cellulosic plant fiber from Ficus benjamina L. stem for a potential polymeric composite reinforcement

This study aimed to bring a new lignocellulosic raw fiber material source to the green composite and textile industries. Lignocellulosic fibers were taken out from the stem of Ficus benjamina L. (FBSF) and physical, chemical, and mechanical testing was carried out to determine the fiber suitability in various industries. Fourier-transformed infrared and X-ray diffraction analyses were conducted to determine FBSF's chemical bonding and crystalline characteristics. Crystallinity index and crystalline size were calculated as 58.5% and 4.9 nm. The scanning electron microscope and optical microscope images showed ribbon-shaped microfibrils with a flaky rough surface. In composite industries, these properties help in improving the adherence of fiber with the matrix. The highest degradation temperature of FBSF was found to be 336.53 degrees C using thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. The chemical composition of FBSF was tested using a standard chemical procedure, and the obtained cellulose weight was 68.71% with little wax content (0.91%). According to the physical analysis, the fiber has a mean tensile strength of 233.87 +/- 9.24 MPa, a diameter of 331.95 +/- 23 mu m, and a density of 886 kg/m(3). Single-fiber testing revealed the mechanical properties of the fiber. This work discusses a novel fiber for sustainable composites and textile industries with good surface hydrophobicity, adequate strength, and density.