Clinical efficacy of prostate PI-RADS V2.1 score combined with serum PSA-related indicators in the detection of gray zone prostate cancer

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to improve the diagnostic accuracy of gray zone prostate cancer evaluation by combining the prostate imaging report and data system version 2.1 (PI-RADS V2.1) score with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA).MethodsWe analyzed data from 212 men suspected of having prostate cancer and compared PSA-related indicators and PI-RADS V2.1 scores between 96 patients with prostate cancer and 116 without prostate cancer. By contrasting PI-RADS V2.1 scores with serum PSA-related markers, the diagnostic precision in the detection of grey zone prostate cancer was assessed.ResultsThe median PI-RADS V2.1 scores and serum tPSA levels of patients with prostate cancer were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The PI-RADS V2.1 score correlated positively with serum tPSA, PSA density (PSAD), and prostate health index (PHI) levels (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with fPSA/tPSA concentrations (P < 0.05). Logistic regression identified risk factors including family history, PI-RADS V2.1 score, tPSA, PSAD, and PHI, with prostate volume and fPSA/tPSA as protective factors (P < 0.05). Combining serum PSA-related indicators with the PI-RADS V2.1 score improved diagnostic accuracy for gray zone prostate cancer (AUC 0.986, specificity 99.14%, sensitivity 92.71%).ConclusionThe presence of a family history, a high PI-RADS V2.1 score, and elevated serum PSA-related markers contribute to high prostate cancer risk and development. The combined use of these indicators offers superior predictive value in detecting prostate cancer compared to a single indicator.