Triboelectric Nanogenerators-Based Therapeutic Electrical Stimulation on Skin: from Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

Discoveryof the amazing and vital therapeutic roles of electricalstimulation (ES) on skin has sparked tremendous efforts to investigateES suppliers. Among them, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), asa self-sustainable bioelectronic system, can generate self-poweredand biocompatible ES for achieving superior therapeutic effects onskin applications. Here, a brief review of the application of TENGs-basedES on skin is presented, with specific discussions of the fundamentalsof TENGs-based ES and its feasibility to be applied for adjustingphysiological and pathological processes of skin. Then, a comprehensiveand in-depth depiction of emerging representative skin applicationsof TENGs-based ES is categorized and reviewed, with particular descriptionsabout its therapeutic effects on achieving antibacterial therapy,promoting wound healing, and facilitating transdermal drug delivery.Finally, the challenges and perspectives for further advancing TENGs-basedES toward a more powerful and versatile therapeutic strategy are discussed,particularly regarding opportunities in fundamental multidisciplinaryresearch and biomedical applications.