Research methods anxiety, attitude, self-efficacy and academic effort: A social cognitive theory perspective

The integration and mandatory study of research method courses by university students is a global phenomenon. However, students demonstrate apprehension and disinterest in research methods courses. Consequently, this study investigated the interplay among research methods anxiety, positive disposition toward research, perception of usefulness, self-efficacy, and academic effort in research. Paper-and-pencil questionnaires were used to collect data from a convenience sample of 636 technical university students in Ghana. Based on partial least squares structural equation modeling results, research anxiety reduces students' self-beliefs (beta = -0.172; t = 2.729; p = .000) and negatively affects perception of research usefulness (beta = -0.172; t = 2.729; p = .000). A positive disposition towards research enhances students' academic efforts in research (beta = 0.919; t = 3.308; p = 0.001). Furthermore, self-efficacy drives students' efforts (beta = -0.172; t = 2.729; p = .000), enhances positive disposition toward research (beta = 0.191; t = 3.308; p = .001) and perception of research usefulness among students (beta = 0.224; t = 3.064; p = .002). Students' perception of research usefulness mediates the relationship between anxiety and effort in research (beta = -0.075; t = 3.653; p = .000), positive research disposition and effort (beta = -0.056; t = 2.519; p = .012) as well as research self-efficacy and effort in studies (beta = 0.083; t = 3.02; p = .003).