Thermodynamic stability and holographic heat engine efficiency of a Kerr-Newmann-NUT-Kiselev-AdS black hole in Rastall gravity

Einstein's general relativity was modified to the Rastall grav-ity by generalizing the energy-momentum conservation law to T & mu;& nu; ;& mu; & lambda;R & nu; and for this change in the covariant conservation = of T & mu;& nu; the thermodynamic characteristics also show some inter-esting properties. Here we discuss the thermodynamics, phase transition, stability and heat engine construction of a Kerr- Newman-NUT-Kiselev-AdS black hole in 4D Rastall gravity. We consider the space to be surrounded by dark energy, a specific perfect fluid matter. The dark energy has significant effects on the thermodynamic variables of the black hole. Here, the energy condition constraints the Rastall parameter (& lambda;). We finally find that the equation-of-state is related to the Rastall parameter (& lambda;) even when it is reduced to the critical point. The cosmological constant leads us to consider the black hole as a heat engine and determine the efficiency of the Carnot cycle for the black hole. In conclusion, we discuss possible methodologies for constraining the black hole parameters from astrophysical observations. & COPY; 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc.