Biological Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Funnel Extract: Characterization and Evaluation of Its Angiogenesis and Cytotoxicity Properties Against Breast Cancer Cells

The present study aims to characterize bio-synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs). Various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis, were used for the characterization of synthesized nanoparticles. The CNPs were synthesized using a bio-synthesis approach with funnel extract. Cell toxicity and angiogenesis activity of synthesized nanoparticles were performed by MTT test and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, respectively. The characterization results demonstrated the successful synthesis of the CNPs, which were relatively stable in aqueous solution. The morphological characteristics revealed that the particles exhibited a predominantly spherical and semi-spherical shape, forming porous agglomerates. In this study, the toxicity of CNPs was evaluated against breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in the concentration range of 15.62 to 500 mu g/ml. The median concentration appeared to be about 250 mu g/ml after 48 h of incubation. CNPs show less inhibitory effects against NIH-3T3 cells. Also, increasing the concentration of CNPs causes a reduction in the length and number of blood vessels. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the nanoparticles' cytotoxicity and potential anticancer mechanisms.