Time and Motion Studies to assess surgical productivity in cataract theatre lists within the National Health Service: Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery versus Delayed Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery

BackgroundTo compare productivity of National Health Service cataract lists performing unilateral cataract (UC) surgery vs Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery (ISBCS).MethodsFive 4-hour lists with ISBCS cases and five with UC were observed using time and motion studies (TMS). Individual tasks and timings of each staff member in theatre was recorded by two observers. All operations were performed by consultant surgeons under local anaesthesia (LA).ResultsMedian number of eyes operated per 4-hour list was 8 (range 6-8) in the ISBCS group and 5 (5-7) in the UC group (p = 0.028). Mean total theatre time (defined as time between the entry of the first patient and the exit of the last patient from theatre) was 177.12 (SD 73.62) minutes in the ISBCS group and 139.16 (SD 47.73) minutes in the UC group (p = 0.36). Mean time to complete two consecutive unilateral cataract surgery operations was 48.71 minutes compared to 42.23 minutes for a single ISBCS case (13.30% time saved). Based on our collected TMS data, a possible 5 consecutive ISBCS cases and 1 UC (total 11 cataract surgeries) could be performed during a four-hour theatre session, with a theatre utilisation quotient of 97.20%, contrasting to nine consecutive UC, with a theatre utilisation quotient of 90.40%.DiscussionPerforming consecutive ISBCS cases under LA on routine cataract surgery lists can increase surgical efficiency. TMS are a useful way to investigate surgical productivity and test theoretical models for efficiency improvements.