Stochastic analysis for bearing capacity computation of twin strip footings on geogrid-reinforced sands

The interaction of closely-spaced footings on soils is of concern for recent decades. The inherent variability of soil makes the topic more challenging. This study investigates the behaviour of twin strip foundations on both unreinforced and geogrid-reinforced spatially random sands. The Random Finite Difference is performed by coupling Matlab and FLAC2D in each Monte Carlo simulation. Two types of sands, dense and loose, are assumed as the spatially correlated log-normal random fields and the friction angle is considered a random parameter. This study discusses how much the bearing capacity of twin footings is impressed by the heterogeneity of random sands. The unreinforced soil results show that when the uncertainty of phi is high, the homogeneous soil assumption could overestimate the interference effect by about 18% and 9% in the dense and loose sands, respectively. While soil reinforcement reduces the difference between results obtained from probabilistic analysis with those calculated with deterministic analysis. Moreover, the isotropic random fields with rapid fluctuation of phi yield the greatest interference influence in the unreinforced and reinforced dense sands. The combined impact of interference and reinforcement is greater in loose sand than in dense sand, regardless of whether the soil is heterogeneous or homogeneous.HIGHLIGHTRandom heterogeneous variability of phi on the interaction of the twin foundations on both unreinforced and geogrid-reinforced sand was investigated.For twin footings on unreinforced dense sand, Scr/B changes from 1.25 to somewhere between 1.25 and 1.5 by increasing COV phi, while on the unreinforced loose sand, Scr/B = 1 remains constant, irrespective of COV phi values.For high variability of phi, the assumption of soil without variability results in overestimation of twin footings interference effect by about 18% and 9%, which means the risk acceptance yields irrevocable damages.Increasing the number of geogrid layers, N, declines the risk of estimating the analysis with homogeneous soil, especially for high variability of phi. By all means, the footing interference and geogrid effects become lower when N is added.The interference effect is usually higher for twin footings on unreinforced sand than on the same reinforced sand. Overall, the integrated influence of interference and reinforcement in loose sand is more than that in dense sandThe combined influence of interference and the first geogrid layer is the most in the isotropic random field (theta x = theta y = 1 m) for both sand since the rapid variation of phi in both directions increases the influence and reinforcement effects.The deterministic analysis underestimates the interaction of twin foundations on the reinforced loose sand compared to the anisotropic random fields.