Evidence for a dynamic corona in the short-term time lags of black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070

被引：0

作者：

Bollemeijer, Niek ^{[1
]}

Uttley, Phil ^{[1
]}

Basak, Arkadip ^{[1
]}

Ingram, Adam ^{[2
,3
]}

van den Eijnden, Jakob ^{[4
]}

Alabarta, Kevin ^{[5
]}

Altamirano, Diego ^{[6
]}

Arzoumanian, Zaven ^{[7
]}

Buisson, Douglas J. K.

Fabian, Andrew C. ^{[8
]}

Ferrara, Elizabeth ^{[7
,9
]}

Gendreau, Keith ^{[10
,11
]}

Homan, Jeroen ^{[12
]}

Kara, Erin ^{[13
]}

Markwardt, Craig ^{[7
]}

Remillard, Ronald A. ^{[13
]}

Sanna, Andrea ^{[14
]}

Steiner, James F. ^{[15
]}

Tombesi, Francesco ^{[9
,11
,16
,17
,18
]}

Wang, Jingyi ^{[13
]}

Wang, Yanan ^{[6
,19
]}

Zoghbi, Abderahmen ^{[9
,20
]}

机构：

[1] Astron Pannekoek Inst Anton, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 NH Amsterdam, Netherlands

[2] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Astrophys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England

[3] Newcastle Univ, Sch Math Stat & Phys, Herschel Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England

[4] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England

[5] New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Ctr Astro Particle & Planetary Phys, Abu Dhabi 129188, U Arab Emirates

[6] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

[7] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[8] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England

[9] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[10] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST 2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[11] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[12] Eureka Sci Inc, 2452 Delmer St, Oakland, CA 94602 USA

[13] MIT, MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[14] Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Fis, SP Monserrato Sestu Km 0-7, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy

[15] Harvard & Smithsonian, Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[16] Tor Vergata Univ Rome, Phys Dept, Via Ric Sci 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[17] INAF Astron Observ Rome, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy

[18] INFN Rome Tor Vergata, Via Ric Sci 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[19] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, 20A Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China

[20] NASA GSFC, HEASARC, Code 6601, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

来源：

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY | 2024年 / 528卷 / 01期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

accretion; accretion discs; black hole physics; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individual: MAXI J1820+070; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SHAPED RADIO-SOURCES; POST-NEWTONIAN EVOLUTION; FINAL-PARSEC PROBLEM; DATA SET SEARCH; MERGER RATES; GALAXY; SIGNATURES; ACCRETION; MASS;

D O I：

10.1093/mnras/stad3912

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

In X-ray observations of hard state black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs), rapid variations in accretion disc and coronal power-law emission are correlated and show Fourier-frequency-dependent time lags. On short (similar to 0.1 s) time-scales, these lags are thought to be due to reverberation and therefore may depend strongly on the geometry of the corona. Low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are variations in X-ray flux that have been suggested to arise because of geometric changes in the corona, possibly due to general relativistic Lense-Thirring precession. Therefore, one might expect the short-term time lags to vary on the QPO time-scale. We performed novel spectral-timing analyses on Neutron Star Interior Composition ExploreR observations of the BHXRB MAXI J1820+070 during the hard state of its outburst in 2018 to investigate how the short-term time lags between a disc-dominated and a coronal power-law-dominated energy band vary on different time-scales. Our method can distinguish between variability due to the QPO and broad-band noise, and we find a linear correlation between the power-law flux and lag amplitude that is strongest at the QPO frequency. We also introduce a new method to resolve the QPO signal and determine the QPO phase dependence of the flux and lag variations, finding that both are very similar. Our results are consistent with a geometric origin of QPOs, but also provide evidence for a dynamic corona with a geometry varying in a similar way over a broad range of time-scales, not just the QPO time-scale.

引用

页码：558 / 576

页数：19

共 135 条

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Brazier, Adam ;

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Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

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Blumer, Harsha ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Ellis, Justin A. ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Garver-Daniels, Nathan ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Holgado, A. Miguel ;

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← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →

共 135 条

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Aghanim, N. ;

Arnaud, M. ;

Arrojam, F. ;

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Aumont, J. ;

Baccigalupi, C. ;

Ballardini, M. ;

Banday, A. J. ;

Barreiro, R. B. ;

Bartolo, N. ;

Basak, S. ;

Battaner, E. ;

Benabed, K. ;

Benoit, A. ;

Benoit-Levy, A. ;

Bernard, J. -P. ;

Bersanelli, M. ;

Bielewicz, P. ;

Bock, J. J. ;

Bonaldi, A. ;

Bonavera, L. ;

Bond, J. R. ;

Borrill, J. ;

Bouchet, F. R. ;

Boulanger, F. ;

Bucher, M. ;

Burigana, C. ;

Butler, R. C. ;

Calabrese, E. ;

Cardoso, J. -F. ;

Catalano, A. ;

Challinor, A. ;

Chamballu, A. ;

Chiang, H. C. ;

Christensen, P. R. ;

Church, S. ;

Clements, D. L. ;

Colombi, S. ;

Colombo, L. P. L. ;

Combet, C. ;

Couchot, F. ;

Coulais, A. ;

Crill, B. P. ;

Curto, A. ;

Cuttaia, F. ;

Danese, L. ;

Davies, R. D. ;

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de Bernardis, P. .

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Afzal, Adeela ;

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash M. ;

Archibald, Anne ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven T. ;

Baker, Paul ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blanco-Pillado, Jose Juan ;

Blecha, Laura K. ;

Boddy, Kimberly ;

Brazier, Adam R. ;

Brook, Paul ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina D. ;

Cheeseboro, Belinda ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cohen, Tyler M. ;

Cordes, James J. ;

Cornish, Neil ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn J. ;

Cutler, Curt E. ;

DeCesar, Megan ;

DeGan, Dallas B. ;

Demorest, Paul ;

Deng, Heling ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

von Eckardstein, Richard C. ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel E. ;

Freedman, Gabriel ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate A. ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle ;

Glaser, Joseph C. ;

Good, Deborah ;

Guertin, Lydia ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan S. ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey ;

Hourihane, Sophie ;

Islo, Kristina J. ;

Jennings, Ross D. ;

Johnson, Aaron L. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (01)

[3] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries from the Gravitational-wave Background [J].

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Bonilla, Alexander ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina ;

Cheeseboro, Belinda D. ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

Cutler, Curt E. ;

D'Orazio, Daniel J. ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

DeGan, Dallas ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Deng, Heling ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Gardiner, Emiko ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gultekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey ;

Hourihane, Sophie J. ;

Islo, Kristina ;

Jennings, Ross L. ;

Johnson, Aaron ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 952 (02)

[4] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Observations and Timing of 68 Millisecond Pulsars [J].

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Alam, Md Faisal ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Bonidie, Victoria ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Chapman, Christopher ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Jessup, Cody ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ;

Kerr, Matthew ;

Key, Joey S. ;

Kuske, Anastasia ;

Laal, Nima ;

Lam, Michael T. ;

Lamb, William G. ;

W. Lazio, T. Joseph W. ;

Lewandowska, Natalia .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (01)

[5] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-wave Background [J].

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina ;

Cheeseboro, Belinda D. ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

Cutler, Curt J. ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

DeGan, Dallas ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Deng, Heling ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ellis, Justin A. ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Hourihane, Sophie ;

Islo, Kristina ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (01)

[6]

Agazie TIPTACG, 2023, Arxiv, DOI arXiv:2309.00693

[7] The first supermassive black holes: indications from models for future observations [J].

Amarantidis, Stergios ;

Afonso, Jose ;

Messias, Hugo ;

Henriques, Bruno ;

Griffin, Andrew ;

Lacey, Cedric ;

Lagos, Claudia del P. ;

Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta ;

Dubois, Yohan ;

Volonteri, Marta ;

Matute, Israel ;

Pappalardo, Ciro ;

Qin, Yuxiang ;

Chary, Ranga-Ram ;

Norris, Ray P. .

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2019, 485 (02) :2694-2709

[8] The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array: III. Search for gravitational wave signals [J].

不详 .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2023, 678

[9]

Antoniadis J., 2023, arXiv

[10] The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Search for an Isotropic Stochastic Gravitational-wave Background [J].

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Blumer, Harsha ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Ellis, Justin A. ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Garver-Daniels, Nathan ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Holgado, A. Miguel ;

Islo, Kristina ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ;

Key, Joey Shapiro ;

Laal, Nima ;

Lam, Michael F. ;

Lazio, T. Joseph W. ;

Lorimer, Duncan R. ;

Luo, Jing ;

Lynch, Ryan S. ;

Madison, Dustin R. ;

McLaughlin, Nlaura A. ;

Mingarelli, Chiara M. F. ;

Ng, Cherry ;

Nice, David J. ;

Pennucci, Timothy T. ;

Pol, Nihan S. ;

Ransom, Scott M. ;

Ray, Paul S. ;

Shapiro-Albert, Brent J. ;

Siemens, Xavier ;

Simon, Joseph .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2020, 905 (02)

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