A novel energy-efficient routing protocol for industrial WSN using hybrid COOT-LS algorithm with LSTM-based DOM prediction

Industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) are very important to improve and simplify the way to manage, monitor, and control industrial factories. IWSNs have many benefits, but because of their vulnerability to extremely complex and variable industrial contexts, they also limit some of the potential that is currently available and present difficulties on numerous fronts. The proposed work develops energy-efficient routing technique to minimize the overall energy consumption. Heterogeneous mobile nodes are randomly deployed in the experimental region; then, region-based grid formation is done in the proposed method. In each grid, the base node is selected utilizing the parameters like residual energy and distance of mobile nodes. Hybrid COOT-HOA optimization is used in the proposed method for selecting the optimal base node in each grid. A deep learning-based machine learning algorithm called long short-term memory (LSTM) is utilized to predict the future direction of movement (DOM) of each mobile node in the grid. Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) is utilized to find an active zone from the sender node to direction of base node. Then, the sender node transmits the data to its nearest node in the active region. This proposed energy-efficient routing algorithm is tested with several metrics which attains better performance like 94% packet delivery ratio, 7% packet loss, average residual energy of 9.5 J, and 3.4 Mbps throughput. Thus, the energy-efficient routing protocol used in the proposed approach transfers the data in an energy-efficient manner for IWSN. Mobile nodes are placed randomly in experimental zones to achieve energy-efficient routing and then region-based grid formation. Then, a hybrid COOT-horse herd optimization (HOA) technique is used for selecting base nodes in each grid. LSTM is utilized to predict the direction of movement of each node in the grid. Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique is used for finding an active zone between the sender node and the base node.image