A three-layer superhydrophobic coatings inspired by human scalp structure with excellent anti-reflection and durable effects for photovoltaic applications

Self-cleaning mechanisms of photovoltaic panels is a research hotspot in recent years, but the preparation of superhydrophobic coatings with excellent anti-reflection effect and durability for photovoltaic panels is still a problem to be solved. Inspired by the human scalp structure, we propose an interconnected three layer coatings (ITSC), which can produce self-cleaning effect on photovoltaic panels. Specifically, the prepared ITSC, owning porous three-dimensional network structure, consists of three layers with similar and cross-linked materials to ensure continuity and good adhesion among layers. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that the coating has an average transmittance that is 6.44% higher compared with bare glass. The bandwidth of high light transmittance (>91%) is almost 4 times that of bare glass. The pencil hardness test grade of the coating is 5 H, and the tape adhesion test grade is 5 B. In three simulated severe environmental stability tests (acid rain, high temperature and low temperature), the proposed coating can still maintain long term superhydrophobicity. Compared with uncoated photovoltaic panels, the maximum output power of coated one is 2.61 times that of the blank panel after the deposition of saline laterite under simulated drizzle conditions. The proposed coatings provide a promising solution for improving the performance of photovoltaic panels, reducing the negative impact of dust deposition, and improving the power output efficiency of photovoltaic power plants.