Strategies to utilize genome editing for increasing nitrogen use efficiency in crops

The genome editing techniques have the potential to revolutionize agriculture by enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth, but its inefficient utilization and excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers pose challenges to agricultural sustainability. Enhancing NUE in plants is crucial for sustainable agriculture and a resilient food production system, ensuring food security for present and future generations. A comprehensive description is provided here that describes the various approaches to increase NUE using genome editing technology. It includes key components starting from the target gene selection and identification, diverse genome editing tools, delivery methodologies, and evaluation of genetically modified crops with the aim of improving NUE. This compilation serves to facilitate a comprehensive understanding for the researchers in relevant field. Additionally, the review delves into specific case studies showcasing successful genome editing applications for enhanced NUE in different crop species. The implications of these advancements for sustainable agriculture and global food security are also discussed, along with potential future prospects and challenges in the field. This review shall serve as a valuable resource for researchers, agronomists, and policymakers interested in leveraging genome editing to optimize nitrogen use in crops and promote sustainable agricultural practices.