Advanced Vanadium Oxides for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) represent one of the current research frontiers owing to their low cost, intrinsic safety, environmental friendliness, and other unique features. In the current era, a myriad of investigations are conducted towards the exploration of advanced electrode materials with exceptional energy/power density, superior rate capability, and ultralong cycling life. Notably, vanadium oxides electrode materials have received great attention due to their diversity in chemical compositions and attractive electrochemical properties. In this review, comprehensive and detailed compendium regarding the latest developments and breakthroughs of highly promising vanadium oxides-based electrode materials for advanced-performance SIBs are elucidated. The crystal structures, electrochemical performance, structure-property relationships and sodium storage mechanization of various vanadium oxides are discussed. In addition, further improvement strategies, including lattice engineering, nanostructuring design, surface modification and 3D porous architecting, are summarized. Finally, potential directions of resolving emergent challenges and forward prospects on augmenting the performance of vanadium oxides-based electrode materials to facilitate their commercial application in SIBs are proposed. This review provides pioneering understanding of vanadium oxides-based materials and guiding directions for the development viability of future cutting-edge SIBs.