Long-term strength and durability performance of eco-friendly concrete with supplementary cementitious materials

Research has shown that adding supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as fly ash (FA) and slag (SL), to concrete improves its mechanical and durability properties up to certain limits. However, the long-term performance of concrete made with FA and SL is not fully known. This study investigates the impact of FA and SL on the long-term (up to 900 days) performance of concrete. The concrete specimens were made with six replacement percentages (0, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 by weight) of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The short-term fresh and hardened properties of all concrete mixes were assessed after 14, 28, 60, and 90 days of water curing. After 120, 365, 730, and 900 days of water curing, the long-term performance was investigated for 100% OPC (control), 30% FA, and 30% SL concretes. At 28 days, no significant difference in strength development was observed for the concrete mixes containing up to 30% FA and 30% SL than the control concrete (100% OPC). In contrast, a remarkable enhancement in strength development was registered for all mixes containing up to 30% FA and 30% SL at 60 and 90 days of tests. Likewise, 30% FA and 30% SL showed the lowest porosity and water absorption than the control. The mechanical strength of concrete prepared with 30% FA and 30% SL gradually rises over time (from 14 to 900 days) compared to the control concrete. With increasing concrete age, a reduction in porosity and capillary water absorption was seen (up to 900 days).