CLGAN: a generative adversarial network (GAN)-based video prediction model for precipitation nowcasting

The prediction of precipitation patterns up to 2 h ahead, also known as precipitation nowcasting, at high spatiotemporal resolutions is of great relevance in weather-dependent decision-making and early warning systems.In this study, we are aiming to provide an efficient and easy-to-understand deep neural network - CLGAN (convolutional long short-term memory generative adversarial network) - to improve the nowcasting skills of heavy precipitation events.The model constitutes a generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture, whose generator is built upon a u-shaped encoder-decoder network (U-Net) and is equipped with recurrent long short-term memory (LSTM) cells to capture spatiotemporal features.The optical flow model DenseRotation and the competitive video prediction models ConvLSTM (convolutional LSTM) and PredRNN-v2 (predictive recurrent neural network version 2) are used as the competitors.A series of evaluation metrics, including the root mean square error, the critical success index, the fractions skill score, and object-based diagnostic evaluation, are utilized for a comprehensive comparison against competing baseline models. We show that CLGAN outperforms the competitors in terms of scores for dichotomous events and object-based diagnostics.A sensitivity analysis on the weight of the GAN component indicates that the GAN-based architecture helps to capture heavy precipitation events. The results encourage future work based on the proposed CLGAN architecture to improve the precipitation nowcasting and early warning systems.