Design and Application of Novel Sterically Hindered Phosphonium Salts in the Development of Functional Materials

This research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of sterically hindered functional quaternary phosphonium salts (QPSs). A series of oxygen-containing salts were prepared via the Menschutkin reaction, demonstrating high yields and diverse structural variations. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized compounds, including NMR spectral data, melting points, and IR spectroscopy, were comprehensively investigated. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of QPSs against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as fungus was systematically studied. Tri-tert-butyl(2-decyloxy-2-oxoethyl)phosphonium bromide exhibited moderate to good antibacterial activity. The sterically hindered phosphonium salts displayed a distinct impact on microbial growth, highlighting its potential as antimicrobial agents. In addition to their intrinsic antimicrobial properties, sterically hindered functional quaternary phosphonium salts exhibit potential applications as additives for 3D printing polymers. Incorporating these salts into the plastic matrix could provide a novel approach to design materials with enhanced antibacterial properties, providing a valuable contribution to the development of antimicrobial 3D-printed materials for various applications, including healthcare and beyond.