University students' awareness of e-waste and its disposal practices in Pakistan: a construction of the conceptual framework

Pakistan is among the few countries generating and receiving enormous e-waste, which posits a threat to its future generations. A systematic literature review also suggests exploring e-waste awareness in Asia to understand awareness and behavior. Therefore, the present study explored university students' awareness of e-waste and the factors hindering the disposal of laptops, personal computers, and cellphones and suggested a conceptual framework. The study used the qualitative research approach and non-probability sampling. We collected data through four focus group discussions (FGDs) with students at a Pakistani university. After data saturation, we developed themes from FGDs and found computer sciences and engineering students with better awareness than others. The factors hindering e-waste disposal were lower monetary benefits for disposal, breach of sensitive information, nostalgic association with devices, and non-availability of disposal facilities. Other variables like lower resale value and high family sharing increased the storage of e-devices and reduced e-waste disposal. The research is among a few initial attempts to explore e-waste awareness and factors hindering disposal behavior in e-waste-receiving countries (e.g., Pakistan) and provides evidence from students who are the primary users. Our findings are crucial for policymakers to take corrective actions, introduce monetary benefits, and secure disposal to reduce e-waste.