A general modification of the V-Q-x relationship of the contact-separation mode triboelectric nanogenerator

The V -Q -x relationship is of great importance in theoretical research of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which however is not entirely consistent with the experimental results. Here, we propose a general modification of the V -Q -x relationship of the contact-separation mode TENG with Fourier transform method. By separating the stable periodic term and the damping term which decays gradually with time from the original V-Q-x rela-tionship, we determine the stable voltage with a constant peak value and modify it to the transient output voltage. The correctness of this modified theoretical relationship has been verified through experimental results. Through this modification, the output performance of TENG-based energy harvesting devices can be more accurately and directly predicted, and theoretical guidance can be provided for TENG-based sensors to invert monitoring target information. The development offers good theoretical guidance, which can advance the theoretical design and optimization of TENG devices.