Differences in sarcopenia status and mortality according to physical activity: results from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA)

AimThis study investigated the relationship between the level of physical activity and sarcopenia, and the association between physical activity levels and mortality in patients with and without sarcopenia.FindingsModerate-to-vigorous physical activity reduced the risk of sarcopenia, while light physical activity is a favorable level of activity for reducing mortality once sarcopenia occurs.MessageOur findings could guide physical activity recommendations to prevent adverse outcomes in older adults. PurposeThere is increasing evidence that promoting physical activity can prevent sarcopenia. However, physical activity (PA) decreases with age, and the impact of PA intensity on health is unclear. This study investigated the relationship between the level of PA and sarcopenia, and the association between PA levels and mortality in patients with and without sarcopenia.MethodsData were derived from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging. PA was classified as sedentary behavior, light PA, or moderate-to-vigorous PA. Each PA level was subdivided based on the median time spent engaged in that activity, yielding eight PA profiles. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the association between PA level and sarcopenia, and between PA profiles and mortality.ResultsThis study included 620 participants (50.2% women; mean age 75.7 +/- 7.5 years), of whom 130 (21.0%) participants were identified sarcopenia. During follow-up (mean 10.9 +/- 4.1 years), 264 (42.6%) participants died. Overall, sarcopenic participants were less physically active than non-sarcopenic participants. After multivariate adjustment, more sedentary behavior and less moderate-to-vigorous PA were associated with sarcopenia and all related variables, except muscle mass. Compared with the reference, non-sarcopenic participants with lower sedentary behavior and concomitantly higher moderate-to-vigorous PA had significantly lower hazard ratios for mortality, while higher light PA reduced mortality in sarcopenic participants regardless of time spent engaged in sedentary behavior or moderate-to-vigorous PA.ConclusionsPA, especially sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous PA, was associated with sarcopenia and related variables, but the level of PA that prevented death differed according to sarcopenia status. Our findings may help determine the optimal intensity and amount of PA.