Thermal analysis on the evaporation of fluid covered by porous media subjected to ultrasound and air jet impingement

The porous layer subjected to air jet is set above fluid passing through heating surface to control its thickness and avoid drying up, as well as ultrasound is introduced at upstream to enhance convection in flowing channel, in which heat flux can be dispersed in convection between fluid and heating surface as well as evaporation on the outside surface of porous cover to the outside. Local thermal equilibrium (LTE) occurs in porous cover, and the effect of sound pressure from ultrasound on liquid fluid is introduced according to acoustic theory. Brink-man-Forchheimer extended Darcy equations and k-epsilon turbulent model together with the above formulas are employed to describe the heat transfer in fluid covered by porous media subjected to ultrasound and air jet impingement. The effects of ultrasound power and frequency, fluid layer thickness as well as porosity and particle size in porous cover on heat transfer are investigated. The performance evaluation criteria (PEC) is defined to evaluate thermal characteristics in the cases with ultrasound than those without. The 35.7% rise ratio of heat transfer coefficient in the mode with ultrasound power of 50 W happens than that without. The higher ultrasound power and lower frequency of ultrasound cause lower heating surface temperature and larger heat transfer coefficient. The simulations agree with available published experiment data. All results of this study can be considered into utilization of ultrasound and porous layer to enhance heat transfer in flowing channel.