Effects of Hormones on Breast Development and Breast Cancer Risk in Transgender Women

被引：7

作者：

Berliere, Martine ^{[1
,2
]}

Coche, Maximilienne ^{[1
,2
]}

Lacroix, Camille ^{[1
,2
]}

Riggi, Julia ^{[1
,2
]}

Coyette, Maude ^{[1
,3
]}

Coulie, Julien ^{[1
,3
]}

Galant, Christine ^{[1
,4
]}

Fellah, Latifa ^{[1
,5
]}

Leconte, Isabelle ^{[1
,5
]}

Maiter, Dominique ^{[1
,6
]}

Duhoux, Francois P. ^{[1
,7
]}

Francois, Aline ^{[1
,4
]}

机构：

[1] Clin Univ St Luc, Breast Clin, King Albert II Canc Inst, Ave Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium

[2] Clin Univ St Luc, Dept Gynecol, King Albert II Canc Inst, Ave Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium

[3] Clin Univ St Luc, Dept Plast Surg, King Albert II Canc Inst, Ave Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium

[4] Clin Univ St Luc, Dept Pathol, King Albert II Canc Inst, Ave Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium

[5] Clin Univ St Luc, Dept Radiol, Ave Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium

[6] Clin Univ St Luc, Dept Endocrinol & Nutr, Ave Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium

[7] Clin Univ St Luc, King Albert II Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Ave Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium

来源：

CANCERS | 2023年 / 15卷 / 01期

关键词：

breast development; breast cancer risk; transgender women; exogenous hormones; heterogeneity of hormonal treatments; ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN; LONG-TERM TREATMENT; CROSS-SEX HORMONES; MAMMARY-GLAND; FOLLOW-UP; TRANSSEXUAL PERSONS; ENDOCRINE TREATMENT; GENDER IDENTITY; MENTAL-HEALTH; CARE;

D O I：

10.3390/cancers15010245

中图分类号：

R73 [肿瘤学];

学科分类号：

100214 ;

摘要：

Simple Summary Transgender women experience gender dysphoria due to a gender assignment at birth that is incongruent with their gender identity. Transgender people undergo different surgical procedures and receive sex steroids hormones to reduce psychological distress and to induce and maintain desired physical changes. A search of the existing literature dedicated to hormone regimens used for treating male to female patients, their impact on breast tissue (tissue development, incidence and type of breast lesions observed) and breast cancer risk provided the available information for this review. An evaluation of breast cancer risk is complicated because of the heterogeneity of administered treatments and a lack of long-term follow-up studies. Transgender women experience gender dysphoria due to a gender assignment at birth that is incongruent with their gender identity. Transgender people undergo different surgical procedures and receive sex steroids hormones to reduce psychological distress and to induce and maintain desired physical changes. These persons on feminizing hormones represent a unique population to study the hormonal effects on breast development, to evaluate the risk of breast cancer and perhaps to better understand the precise role played by different hormonal components. In MTF (male to female) patients, hormonal treatment usually consists of antiandrogens and estrogens. Exogenous hormones induce breast development with the formation of ducts and lobules and an increase in the deposition of fat. A search of the existing literature dedicated to hormone regimens for MTF patients, their impact on breast tissue (incidence and type of breast lesions) and breast cancer risk provided the available information for this review. The evaluation of breast cancer risk is currently complicated by the heterogeneity of administered treatments and a lack of long-term follow-up in the great majority of studies. Large studies with longer follow-up are required to better evaluate the breast cancer risk and to understand the precise mechanisms on breast development of each exogenous hormone.

引用

页数：15

共 107 条

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