FROM EXPLANATION TO UNDERSTANDING: AN IMPORTANT SHIFT IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Understanding has usually been seen as a method of hermeneutics. Until recently, philosophers of science paid little attention to the topic of scientific understanding because they came to the conclusion that understanding can be nothing more than a psychological by-product of scientific activity. However, many scientists believed that understanding was an important aim of science. The article states that understanding is a universal cognitive phenomenon applicable to the knowledge of not only cultural and historical phenomena, but also natural objects and processes. Understanding does not oppose explanation; some types of the latter produce scientific understanding. In the course of criticism of the standard model of scientific explanation, the first concepts of "scientific understanding" arose - unifying and causal-mechanistic. A pragmatic approach to scientific under -standing is also considered, linking it to the cognitive skills of a scientist or a group of scientists.