Measuring, representing and analysing indoor soundscapes: A data collection campaign in residential buildings with natural and mechanical ventilation in England

A model for the assessment of perceived affective quality of indoor residential soundscapes is first applied in a field survey carried out in 61 dwellings in England. Objectives are i) to investigate measurement and indoor soundscape data representation, ii) to characterize soundscape appropriateness for home working and relaxation, iii) to test differences based on the ventilation strategy, and iv) to identify factors predicting indoor soundscapes. In dwellings with natural ventilation (N = 34) the survey was carried out with windows open, while in those with mechanical ventilation (N = 27) with windows closed and the system in operation. Parallel to the administration of the questionnaire, monaural and binaural measurements of the acoustic environments were performed. The study provides examples of data representation in the circumplex space defined by comfort and content dimensions. Soundscapes which are appropriate for work and relaxation are characterized by high comfort and low content, i.e., perceived as private and under control. Indoor soundscapes are strongly related to the perception of traffic noise, window opening, and sound pressure level, especially in the energy content of interference in speech perception through the Speech Interference Level parameter (SIL), factors that lead to reduced comfort and increased saturation of the environment. Moreover, aspects related to psychoacoustics (sharpness), contextual and building-related factors (ownership status and floor level) and cross-modal effects from other sensory modalities (perceived air quality and air temperature) have an impact. A threshold value of 32.7 dB for SIL was identified at which a neutral comfort is attained.