PPKM Darurat (the implementation of community activity restrictions) is one of the policies implemented by the Indonesian government to control the spread of COVID-19. PPKM Darurat received opposition from ulama (Islamic religious leaders) because all places of worship had to be closed. Our qualitative study explores the forms, factors, and impacts of ulama's resistance to the closing of worship places during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research data were collected through interviews with participating ulama. This study indicates that ulama's resistance to the closure of places of worship during the PPKM Darurat period manifested in discourse and action. In the form of discourse, they considered the closure of places of worship contrary to the provisions of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). While in action, they demonstrated resistance by continuing to perform five obligatory prayers, the Friday prayers, and Eid al-Adha prayers in congregation in mosques and prayer rooms. This study suggests that there should be cooperation between the government and religious leaders in drafting, socializing, and implementing laws, including those on PPKM Darurat.
