Quantification of Cerebral Glucose Concentrations via Detection of the H1-α-Glucose Peak in 1H MRS at 7 T

Background: Sensitive detection and quantification of cerebral glucose is desired. Purpose: To quantify cerebral glucose by detecting the H1-alpha-glucose peak at 5.23 ppm in 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 T. Study Type: Prospective. Subjects: Twenty-eight non-fasted healthy subjects (aged 20-28 years). Field Strength/Sequence: Short echo time stimulated echo acquisition mode (short-TE STEAM) and semi-localized by adiabatic selective refocusing (semi-LASER) at 7 T. Assessment: Single voxel spectra were obtained from the posterior cingulate cortex (27-mL) using a 32-channel head coil. The H1-alpha-glucose peak in the spectrum with retrospective removal of the residual water peak was fitted using LCModel with a glucose basis set of only the H1-alpha-glucose peak. Conventional spectral analysis was performed with a glucose basis set of a full spectral pattern of glucose, also. Fitting precision was evaluated with Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs). The repeatability of glucose quantification via the semi-LASER sequence was tested. Statistical Tests: Paired or Welch's t-test were used for normally distributed values. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. The repeatability of measures was analyzed using coefficient of variation (CV). Results: Removal of the residual water peak improved the flatness and stability of baselines around the H1-alpha-glucose peak and reduced CRLBs for fitting the H1-alpha-glucose peak. The semi-LASER sequence was superior to the short-TE STEAM in the higher signal-to-noise ratio of the H1-alpha-glucose peak (mean +/- SD 7.9 +/- 2.5, P < 0.001). The conventional analysis overfitted the H1-alpha-glucose peak. The individual CVs of glucose quantification by detecting the H1-alpha-glucose peak were smaller than the corresponding CRLBs. Data Conclusion: Cerebral glucose concentration is quantitated to be 1.07 mM by detecting the H1-alpha-glucose peak in the semi-LASER spectra. Despite requiring long scan times, detecting the H1-alpha-glucose peak allows true glucose quantification free from the influence of overlapping taurine and macromolecule signals. Evidence Level: 2 Technical Efficacy Stage: 1