Searching for intra-cloud positive leaders in VHF

被引：3
作者：
Scholten, O. [1 ,2 ]
Hare, B. M. [1 ,3 ]
Dwyer, J. [4 ,5 ]
Liu, N. [4 ,5 ]
Sterpka, C. [4 ,5 ]
Mulrey, K. [6 ]
Ter Veen, S. [3 ]
机构：
[1] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, Landleven 12, NL-9747 AD Groningen, Netherlands
[2] Vrije Univ Brussel, Interuniv Inst High Energies, Pl Laan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
[3] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron ASTRON, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands
[4] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys & Astron, Durham, NH 03824 USA
[5] Univ New Hampshire, Space Sci Ctr EOS, Durham, NH 03824 USA
[6] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
来源：
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | 2023年 / 13卷 / 01期
基金：
英国科学技术设施理事会; 爱尔兰科学基金会;
关键词：
D O I：
10.1038/s41598-023-41218-x
中图分类号：
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号：
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要：
We have used the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) to search for the growing tip of an intra-cloud (IC) positive leader. Even with our most sensitive beamforming method, where we coherently add the signals of about 170 antenna pairs, we were not able to detect any emission from the tip. Instead, we put constraints on the emissivity of very-high frequency (VHF) radiation from the tip at 0.5 pJ/MHz at 60 MHz, integrated over 100 ns. The limit is independent on whether this emission is in the form of short pulses or continuously radiating. The non-observation of VHF radiation from intra-cloud positive leaders implies that they proceed in an extremely gradual process, which is in sharp contrast with the observations of other parts of a lightning discharge.
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页数：8
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