Thermal co-treatment of aluminum dross and municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: Mineral transformation, crusting prevention, detoxification, and low-carbon cementitious material preparation

Harmless disposal and resource utilization of hazardous industrial wastes has become an important issue with the green development of human society. However, resource utilization of hazardous solid wastes, such as the production of cementitious materials, is usually accompanied by a pretreatment process to remove adverse impurities that contaminate the final product. In this study, aluminum dross (AD) was thermally co-treated with another hazardous waste, municipal solid incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA), to synergistically solidify F and Na, control leaching of heavy metals, and remove chloride impurities. Significant crusting was observed when AD was thermally treated by itself, but not when AD and MSWI-FA were thermally co-treated. In the process of cothermal treatment, the remaining Cl, Na, and K contents were reduced to as low as 0.3%, 1.8%, and 0.6%, respectively. CaO and SiO2 in MSWI-FA reacted with Na3AlF6 and Al2O3 in AD, and formed CaF2 and Na6(AlSiO4)6, which contributed to the prevention of crusting and limited the leaching concentrations of F and Na to below detection thresholds and 270.6 mg/L, respectively. In addition, heavy metals were well solidified, and dioxins were fully decomposed during thermal treatment. Finally, a sulfoaluminate cementitious material (SACM) with high early- and later-age strengths was successfully created via synergetic complementarity using thermally co-treated AD and MSWI-FA together with other solid wastes. Collectively, this study outlines a promising method for the efficient and sustainable utilization of AD and MSWI-FA.