Sepsis following acute pyelonephritis caused by Trueperella bernardiae: a case report and literature review

BackgroundTrueperella bernardiae is a coryneform, gram-positive bacterium that is a commensal of the skin and upper respiratory tract. It is treated as a contaminant and rarely causes infections. Blood, urine, and abscesses have been previously reported as the most common sites of infection. Infections caused by T. bernardiae are rarely reported in bedridden very old patients with reduced activities of daily living (ADL). In this report, we describe a case of sepsis due to acute pyelonephritis caused by T. bernardiae in a very old patient with impaired ADL.Case presentationA 94-year-old woman had a home visit from her local physician. She was bedridden and used diapers. On the day of admission, she presented with fever and dyspnea and was admitted with a diagnosis of sepsis associated with acute pyelonephritis. T. bernardiae was detected in blood and urine cultures; furthermore, multiple bacteria were detected in a urine culture. She was treated with ampicillin/sulbactam 3 g every 12 h on the day of admission. The fever was controlled, and inhaled oxygen 1 L/min via a nasal cannula was administered for dyspnea until hospitalization day 2. On hospitalization day 2, her fever resolved to 36 degrees C. Antimicrobials were de-escalated and changed to cephazolin and then to cephalexin on hospitalization days 9 and 16, respectively, and were continued until day 22. On hospitalization day 28, the urinary tract infection flared up; however, her fever resolved by hospitalization day 38 after the re-administration of antimicrobial agents. She was discharged on hospitalization day 60.ConclusionsWe encountered a rare case of sepsis following acute pyelonephritis caused by T. bernardiae infection. When bedridden, diaper-using, very old patients present with urinary tract infections caused by multiple bacteria, the presence of rare opportunistic organisms, such as T. bernardiae, should be considered.