Effect of adipose-derived stem cells seeding and surgical prefabrication on composite scaffold vascularization

The study aimed to evaluate an angiogenic effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) seeding and surgical prefabrication (placing a vascular pedicle inside the scaffold) on developed composite scaffolds made of poly-& epsilon;-caprolactone (PCL), & beta;-tricalcium phosphate (& beta;-TCP), and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (PCL+& beta;-TCP+PLGA). Moreover, we aimed to compare our data with previously tested PCL scaffolds to assess whether the new material has better angiogenic properties. The study included 18 inbred male WAG rats. There were three scaffold groups (six animals each): with non-seeded PCL+& beta;-TCP+PLGA scaffolds, with PCL+& beta;-TCP+PLGA scaffolds seeded with ASCs and with PCL+& beta;-TCP+PLGA scaffolds seeded with ASCs and osteogenic-induced. Each rat was implanted with two scaffolds in the inguinal region (one prefabricated and one non-prefabricated). After 2 months from implantation, the scaffolds were explanted, and vessel density was determined by histopathological examination. Prefabricated ASC-seeded PCL+& beta;-TCP+PLGA scaffolds promoted greater vessel formation than non-seeded scaffolds (19.73 & PLUSMN; 5.46 vs 12.54 & PLUSMN; 0.81; p = .006) and those seeded with osteogenic-induced ASCs (19.73 & PLUSMN; 5.46 vs 11.87 & PLUSMN;2.21; p = .004). The developed composite scaffold promotes vessel formation more effectively than the previously described PCL scaffold.