Recycling of ground jet grouting waste as a supplementary cementitious material

Jet grouting waste (JGW), a cement-soil mixture, represents a significant solid waste stream from soil consoli-dation activities. The current disposal of JGW at landfills posed a significant environmental issue in countries with limited land space. In this research, JGW was ground into powders without further special treatment and then used as a cementitious material. The properties of cement-based materials incorporating JGW powders were evaluated in terms of the setting time, rheological behaviors, hydration products, pore structures, and compressive strength. The results showed that JGW powder had cementitious properties and could enhance the hydration rate and degree of cement clinker phases. The specimens with up to 20% JGW exhibited similar rheological properties, pore structures, and compressive strength to the control specimen. The embodied energy and CO2 emissions of the cement mortar decreased linearly with the increasing JGW dosage, supporting the use of JGW to develop greener cement-based materials.