Impact of inertial drag on the entropy generation for water-based hybrid nanofluid through a permeable medium with heat generation/absorption

The consequence of thermal radiation vis-a-vis external heat generation/absorption on the inertial drag force of a hybrid nanoliquid flow in three-dimensional geometry is investigated. It is proposed that with the symmetric or non-symmetric particle shape, the velocity differs because of the direction of the drag. Furthermore, the conducting fluid for the interaction of the magnetic field through a permeable medium past an expanding surface influences the flow phenomenon. The present analysis is useful for the dialysis of blood in the artificial kidneys, the flow of blood in capillaries as well as the design of filters in engineering problems. However, the formulated problem is transformed into its non-dimensional form for the implementation of particular similarity rules. The set of nonlinear governing equations with specific contributing parameter values is subjected to handle by employing shooting-based Runge-Kutta fourth-order technique. Because of the system's irreversibility, the simulation of entropy and the Bejan value is the main draw. For each profile, the graphical results of specific parameters such as momentum, temperature, entropy, and the Bejan number are shown. Further, the important outcomes are the axial and the transverse velocity profiles are restricted by the inclusion of volume concentration in association with magnetic field and the enhanced Brinkman number augments the entropy generation significantly. However, the numerical validation shows a good correlation between the earlier investigations in particular cases.