Ultrastructural Alterations of the Human Pathogen Giardia intestinalis after Drug Treatment

被引:7
|
作者
Benchimol, Marlene [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
Gadelha, Ana Paula [5 ]
de Souza, Wanderley [2 ,3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Grande Rio UNIGRANRIO, BIOTRANS CAXIAS, BR-96200000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
[2] Univ Fed Rio De Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, BR-21941901 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
[3] Univ Fed Rio De Janeiro, Inst Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol Biol Estrutural & Bioim, BR-21941901 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
[4] Univ Fed Rio De Janeiro, Ctr Nacl Biol Estrutural & Bioimagens, BR-21941901 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
[5] Inst Nacl Metrol Qual & Tecnol INMETRO, Diretoria Metrol Cient, BR-25259020 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
来源
PATHOGENS | 2023年 / 12卷 / 06期
关键词
intestinal parasite; diarrhea; Giardia treatment; children's disease; TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; LAMBLIA BEHAVIOR; MEDIAN BODY; PROTOZOAN; METRONIDAZOLE; DUODENALIS; PROTEIN; DIFFERENTIATION; ATTACHMENT;
D O I
10.3390/pathogens12060810
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
This review presents the main cell characteristics altered after in vitro incubation of the parasite with commercial drugs used to treat the disease caused by Giardia intestinalis. This important intestinal parasite primarily causes diarrhea in children. Metronidazole and albendazole are the primary compounds used in therapy against Giardia intestinalis. However, they provoke significant side effects, and some strains have developed resistance to metronidazole. Benzimidazole carbamates, such as albendazole and mebendazole, have shown the best activity against Giardia. Despite their in vitro efficacy, clinical treatment with benzimidazoles has yielded conflicting results, demonstrating lower cure rates. Recently, nitazoxanide has been suggested as an alternative to these drugs. Therefore, to enhance the quality of chemotherapy against this parasite, it is important to invest in developing other compounds that can interfere with key steps of metabolic pathways or cell structures and organelles. For example, Giardia exhibits a unique cell structure called the ventral disc, which is crucial for host adhesion and pathogenicity. Thus, drugs that can disrupt the adhesion process hold promise for future therapy against Giardia. Additionally, this review discusses new drugs and strategies that can be employed, as well as suggestions for developing novel drugs to control the infection caused by this parasite.
引用
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页数:25
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