The universal shape of the X-ray variability power spectrum of AGN up to z ∼ 3

被引：10

作者：

Paolillo, M. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Papadakis, I. E. ^{[4
,5
]}

Brandt, W. N. ^{[6
,7
,8
]}

Bauer, F. E. ^{[9
,10
,11
]}

Lanzuisi, G. ^{[12
]}

Allevato, V. ^{[2
,13
]}

Shemmer, O. ^{[14
]}

Zheng, X. C. ^{[15
]}

De Cicco, D. ^{[1
,2
,10
]}

Gilli, R. ^{[12
]}

Luo, B. ^{[16
,17
]}

Thomas, M. ^{[14
]}

Tozzi, P. ^{[18
]}

Vito, F. ^{[12
]}

Xue, Y. Q. ^{[19
,20
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Fis Ettore Pancini, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy

[2] INAF Osservatorio Astron Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, I-80131 Naples, Italy

[3] INFN, Unita Napoli, Via Cintia 9, I-80126 Naples, Italy

[4] Univ Crete, Inst Theoret & Computat Phys, Dept Phys, Voutes Univ Campus, Iraklion 71003, Greece

[5] Inst Astrophys FORTH, N Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton 70013, Greece

[6] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[7] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[8] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[9] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Ctr Astroingn, Inst Astrofis, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile

[10] Millennium Inst Astrophys, Nuncio Monsenor Sotero Sanz 100,104, Providencia Santiago, Chile

[11] Space Sci Inst, 4750 Walnut St,Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301 USA

[12] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis & Sci Spazio Bologna, Via Gobetti 93-3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

[13] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Piazza Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy

[14] Univ North Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA

[15] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[16] Nanjing Univ, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

[17] Nanjing Univ, Key Lab Modern Astron & Astrophys, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China

[18] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, Largo Enr Fermi 5, Florence, Italy

[19] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Astron, CAS Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China

[20] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2023年 / 673卷

基金：

国家重点研发计划; 中国国家自然科学基金;

关键词：

galaxies: active; black hole physics; quasars: supermassive black holes; X-rays: galaxies; surveys; methods: statistical; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLE MASS; RADIO-QUIET QUASARS; BROAD-LINE AGNS; LONG-TERM; LUMINOSITY; COSMOS; RATIO;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/202245291

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Aims. We study the ensemble X-ray variability properties of active galactic nuclei (AGN) over large ranges of timescale (20 ks <= T <= 14 yr), redshift (0 <= z less than or similar to 3), luminosity (10(40) erg s(-1) <= L-X <= 10(46) erg s(-1)), and black hole (BH) mass (10(6) <= M-circle dot <= 10(9)). Methods. We propose the use of the variance-frequency diagram as a viable alternative to the study of the power spectral density (PSD), which is not yet accessible for distant, faint, and/or sparsely sampled AGN. Results. We show that the data collected from archival observations and previous literature studies are fully consistent with a universal PSD form, which does not show any evidence for systematic evolution of shape or amplitude with redshift or luminosity, even if there may be differences between individual AGN at a given redshift or luminosity. We find new evidence that the PSD bend frequency depends on BH mass and possibly on accretion rate. We finally discuss the implications for current and future AGN population and cosmological studies.

引用

页数：11

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