The Protective Role of Non-Photochemical Quenching in PSII Photo-Susceptibility: A Case Study in the Field

Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) has been regarded as a safety valve to dissipate excess absorbed light energy not used for photochemistry. However, there exists no general consensus on the photoprotective role of NPQ. In the present study, we quantified the Photosystem II (PSII) photo-susceptibilities (m(pi)) in the presence of lincomycin, under red light given to five shade-acclimated tree species grown in the field. Photosynthetic energy partitioning theory was applied to investigate the relationships between m(pi) and each of the regulatory light-induced NPQ [Y(NPQ)], the quantum yield of the constitutive nonregulatory NPQ [Y(NO)] and the PSII photochemical yield in the light-adapted state [Y(PSII)] under different red irradiances. It was found that in the low to moderate irradiance range (50-800 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) when the fraction of open reaction centers (qP) exceeded 0.4, m(pi) exhibited no association with Y(NPQ), Y(NO) and Y(PSII) across species. However, when qP < 0.4 (1,500 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)), there existed positive relationships between m(pi) and Y(NPQ) or Y(NO) but a negative relationship between m(pi) and Y(PSII). It is postulated that both Y(NPQ) and Y(NO) contain protective and damage components and that using only Y(NPQ) or Y(NO) metrics to identify the photo-susceptibility of a species is a risk. It seems that qP regulates the balance of the two components for each of Y(NPQ) and Y(NO). Under strong irradiance, when both protective Y(NPQ) and Y(NO) are saturated/depressed, the forward electron flow [i.e. Y(PSII)] acts as the last defense to resist photoinhibition.