Impact of fuel injection parameters and hydrogen enrichment on CI engine characteristics fueeled with Ceiba pentandra biodiesel

Alternative fuel resources are currently gaining popularity as a potential solution to the challenges caused by a shortage of petroleum fuels and the associated increase in environmental pollution. Hydrogen (H2) as an alternative fuel source is getting a lot of attention. The motivation of this research was to examine how the fuel injection parameters (FIP) and H2 enrichment influence CI engine features when blended with Ceiba pentandra biodiesel. Based on the findings of prior research work, a 20% biodiesel blend (B20) and optimal FIP of 260 bar and 27 degrees BTDC were selected for this trial, along with 10 lpm of H2 enrichment. As compared to diesel at standard FIP, the synergistic action of B20 with H2 enrichment and optimum FIP achieved the goal of improving performance and combustion, leading to increased brake thermal efficiency (10%), cylinder pressure (5%), and heat release rate (7.4%) while reducing brake-specific fuel consumption (9%) and emitting lesser emissions of hydrocarbon (16%), carbon monoxide (12%), and smoke (18%) emissions than diesel, except Nitrogen oxides. Therefore, combining these two strategies of optimum FIP and H2 enrichment with novel Ceiba pentandra biodiesel blend opens the door to a healthier ecosystem with superior combustion and lesser emission.